1. 請問有誰可以提供大學英語綜合教程5第5、6單元text b的課文翻譯嗎
Unit 5 text B
Arctic Melt Unnerves the Experts
北極融化讓專家們坐立不安
1. The Arctic ice cap shrank so much this summer that waves briefly lapped along two long-imagined Arctic shipping routes, the Northwest Passage over Canada and the Northern Sea Route over Russia.
今年夏天北極冰蓋萎縮,短暫地湧入沿著兩個夢想的北極航線,西北通道在加拿大和俄羅斯上空北方航線。
2. Over all, the floating ice dwindled to an extent unparalleled in a century or more, by several estimates.
總體而言,浮冰減少到一個世紀以上,無可匹敵的程度由幾個估計。
3. Now the six-month dark season has returned to the North Pole. In the deepening chill, new ice is already spreading over vast stretches of the Arctic Ocean. Astonished by the summer』s changes, scientists are studying the forces that exposed one million square miles of open water — six Californias — beyond the average since satellites started measurements in 1979.
現在六個月的黑暗的季節回到北極。在深化寒意,新冰已經蔓延在一望無垠的北冰洋。驚訝的夏天的變化,科學家們正在研究力量,暴露一百萬平方英里的開放水域- 6加利福尼亞的超出了平均自1979年衛星開始測量。
4. At a recent gathering of sea-ice experts at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, Hajo Eicken, a geophysicist, summarized it this way: 「Our stock in trade seems to be going away.」
在最近的一次聚會,海冰專家阿拉斯加大學費爾班克斯,Hajo Eicken,地球物理學家,這樣總結:「我們的股票在交易似乎消失。」
5. Scientists are also unnerved by the summer』s implications for the future, and their ability to predict it.
科學家也已經對夏季影響未來,和他們的預測能力。
6. Complicating the picture, the striking Arctic change was as much a result of ice moving as melting, many say. A new study, led by Son Nghiem at NASA』s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and appearing this week in Geophysical Research Letters, used satellites and buoys to show that winds since 2000 had pushed huge amounts of thick old ice out of the Arctic basin past Greenland. The thin floes that formed on the resulting open water melted quicker or could be shuffled together by winds and similarly expelled, the authors said.
復雜,引人注目的北極變化是一樣的冰移動融化,許多人說。兒子Nghiem領導的一項新研究中,美國宇航局噴氣推進實驗室,本周在《地球物理研究快報,使用衛星和浮標表明自2000年以來,風把大量的老冰厚厚的北極盆地過去的格陵蘭島。薄薄的浮冰,形成結果打開水融化的更快或可以通過風和重組在一起同樣驅逐,作者說。
7. The pace of change has far exceeded what had been estimated by almost all the simulations used to envision how the Arctic will respond to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases linked to global warming. But that disconnect can cut two ways. Are the models overly conservative? Or are they missing natural influences that can cause wide swings in ice and temperature, thereby dwarfing the slow background warming?
變化的速度遠遠超過了被幾乎所有的模擬用於估計設想北極將如何應對溫室氣體濃度上升與全球變暖有關。但這斷開可以減少兩個方面。模型過於保守?還是缺少自然的影響,會導致大幅波動的冰和溫度,從而相形見絀緩慢的背景變暖嗎?
8. The world is paying more attention than ever.
世界比以往任何時候都更關注。
9. Russia, Canada and Denmark, prompted in part by years of warming and the ice retreat this year, ratcheted up rhetoric and actions aimed at securing sea routes and seabed resources.
俄羅斯、加拿大和丹麥,促使部分今年年的變暖,冰撤退,加大言辭和行動旨在保障海上航線和海底資源。
10. Proponents of cuts in greenhouse gases cited the meltdown as proof that human activities are propelling a slide toward climate calamity.
削減溫室氣體排放的支持者認為金融危機是證明人類活動正在推動一個滑向氣候災難。
11. Arctic experts say things are not that simple. More than a dozen experts said in interviews that the extreme summer ice retreat had revealed at least as much about what remains unknown in the Arctic as what is clear. Still, many of those scientists said they were becoming convinced that the system is heading toward a new, more watery state, and that human-caused global warming is playing a significant role.
北極專家說,事情並不那麼簡單。十多位專家在接受采訪時說,極端的夏季冰撤退透露至少盡可能多的關於北極仍然未知什麼是清楚的。盡管如此,許多科學家表示,他們相信,系統正朝著一個新的、更水狀態,人類引起的全球變暖中扮演重要角色。
12. For one thing, experts are having trouble finding any records from Russia, Alaska or elsewhere pointing to such a widespread Arctic ice retreat in recent times, adding credence to the idea that humans may have tipped the balance. Many scientists say the last substantial warming in the region, peaking in the 1930s, mainly affected areas near Greenland and Scandinavia.
首先,從俄羅斯專家們很難找到記錄,阿拉斯加或其他地方指向這樣一個廣泛的北極冰撤退在最近時期,增加交易稅的觀點來看,人類可能已經打破了這種平衡。許多科學家說該地區去年大幅升溫,在1930年代達到頂峰,主要受影響地區附近的格陵蘭島和斯堪的納維亞。
13. Some scientists who have long doubted that a human influence could be clearly discerned in the Arctic』s changing climate now agree that the trend is hard to ascribe to anything else.
長期以來,一些科學家懷疑一個人的影響可能很清楚在北極的氣候變化現在認為,這一趨勢很難歸因於其他東西。
14. 「We used to argue that a lot of the variability up to the late 1990s was inced by changes in the winds, natural changes not obviously related to global warming,」 said John Michael Wallace, a scientist at the University of Washington. 「But changes in the last few years make you have to question that. I』m much more open to the idea that we might have passed a point where it』s becoming essentially irreversible.」
「我們曾經認為,大量的可變性,1990年代末被風的變化,誘導自然變化不明顯與全球變暖有關,」約翰·邁克爾·華萊士說,華盛頓大學的一位科學家。「但在過去的幾年裡變化讓你得問題。我更願意認為我們可能會通過一個變得本質上是不可逆轉的。」
15. Experts say the ice retreat is likely to be even bigger next summer because this winter』s freeze is starting from such a huge ice deficit. At least one researcher, Wieslaw Maslowski of the Naval Postgraate School in Monterey, Calif., projects a blue Arctic Ocean in summers by 2013.
專家說,冰撤退明年夏天可能會更大,因為今年冬天凍結的冰從如此巨大的赤字。至少一個研究員,Maslowski Wieslaw如此海軍研究生院的蒙特利,加州在2013年暑期項目藍色北冰洋。
16. While open Arctic waters could be a boon for shipping, fishing and oil exploration, an annual seesawing between ice and no ice could be a particularly harsh jolt to polar bears.
而開放北極水域可能有利於航運、漁業和石油勘探,冰和冰之間的年度波動可能是北極熊特別嚴厲的震動。
17. Many Arctic researchers warned that it was still far too soon to start sending container ships over the top of the world. 「Natural variations could turn around and counteract the greenhouse-gas-forced change, perhaps stabilizing the ice for a bit,」 said Marika Holland, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo.
許多北極研究人員警告說,它仍然是過早地開始發送集裝箱船在世界之巔。「自然變化可以轉身抵消greenhouse-gas-forced改變,也許穩定冰,」瑪麗卡•霍蘭德說,博爾德市國家大氣研究中心的科羅拉多州。
18. But, she added, that will not last. 「Eventually the natural variations would again reinforce the human-driven change, perhaps leading to even more rapid retreat,」 Dr. Holland said. 「So I wouldn』t sign any shipping contracts for the next 5 to 10 years, but maybe the next 20 to 30.」
但她補充說,這將不會持久。「最終自然變化將再次加強人為改變,可能導致更快速撤退,」荷蘭博士說。「所以我不會簽署任何運輸合同在未來5到10年,但也許未來20到30」。
19. While experts debate details, many agree that the vanishing act of the sea ice this year was probably caused by superimposed forces including heat-trapping clouds and water vapor in the air, as well as the ocean-heating influence of unusually sunny skies in June and July. Other important factors were warm winds flowing from Siberia around a high-pressure system parked over the ocean. The winds not only would have melted thin ice but also pushed floes offshore where currents and winds could push them out of the Arctic Ocean.
在專家討論細節,在很多人看來,今年海冰的消失的行為可能是由於疊加力量包括溫室雲和空氣中的水蒸氣,以及ocean-heating異常晴朗的天空在6月和7月的影響。其他重要的因素是溫暖的風從西伯利亞高壓系統周圍停在海洋。風不僅會融化的薄冰,也推動海上浮冰,水流和風可以推動他們從北冰洋。
20. The new NASA study of expelled old ice builds on previous measurements showing that the proportion of thick, rable floes that were at least 10 years old dropped to 2 percent this spring from 80 percent in the spring of 1987, said Ignatius G. Rigor, an ice expert at the University of Washington and an author of the new NASA-led study.
開除老冰的新的美國宇航局研究建立在先前的測量表明,厚的比例,持久的浮冰,至少10歲今年春天從2%下降到80%在1987年的春天,伊格那丟g .嚴格說冰華盛頓大學的專家和一個新的美國航天局的研究》的作者。
21. Without the thick ice, which can enre months of nonstop summer sunshine, more dark open water and thin ice absorbed solar energy, adding to melting and delaying the winter freeze.The thinner fresh-formed ice was also more vulnerable to melting from heat held near the ocean surface by clouds and water vapor. This may be where the rising influence of humans on the global climate system could be exerting the biggest regional influence, said Jennifer A. Francis of Rutgers University.
不厚冰,可以忍受幾個月的不間斷的夏季的陽光,更黑暗的水面,薄冰吸收太陽能,增加和延遲冬季凍結融化。越薄fresh-formed冰也更容易融化熱源附近舉行的海洋表面雲層和水蒸氣。這可能增加人類對全球氣候系統的影響能發揮最大的地區影響力,羅格斯大學的詹妮弗·a·弗朗西斯說。
22. Other Arctic experts, including Dr. Maslowski in Monterey and Igor V. Polyakov at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, also see a role in rising flows of warm water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait between Alaska and Russia, and in deep currents running north from the Atlantic Ocean near Scandinavia.
Maslowski其他北極專家,包括博士如此在蒙特雷和伊戈爾訴Polyakov阿拉斯加大學費爾班克斯,也看到在上升流動的溫水通過白令海峽進入北冰洋的阿拉斯加和俄羅斯之間,並深陷電流運行從大西洋北部斯堪的納維亞半島附近。
23. A host of Arctic scientists say it is too soon to know if the global greenhouse effect has already tipped the system to a condition in which sea ice in summers will be routinely limited to a few clotted passageways in northern Canada.
許多科學家說北極還為時過早知道全球溫室效應已經把系統條件,海冰在夏季將通常僅限於幾凝結的通道在加拿大北部。
24. But at the university in Fairbanks — where signs of northern warming include sinkholes from thawing permafrost around its Arctic research center — Dr. Eicken and other experts are having a hard time conceiving a situation that could reverse the trends.
但在費爾班克斯大學——北部氣候變暖的跡象包括灰岩坑永久凍土融化北極研究中心- Eicken博士和其他專家們可能很難懷孕的局面是,扭轉趨勢。
25. 「The Arctic may have another ace up her sleeve to help the ice grow back,」 Dr. Eicken said. 「But from all we can tell right now, the means for that are quite limited.」
「北極可能有另一個她的看家本領,幫助冰重新生長出來,「Eicken博士說。「但我們現在可以告訴,手段十分有限。」